Early intervention programs, such as Head Start, have been associated with a positive impact on impoverished children. One recent study suggested a return on investment as high as 14% in terms of improved outcomes from preschool education. Another potential intervention is the MIECHV (Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting) program, which provides home-visiting programs for at-risk children.

http://www.medpagetoday.com/Pediatrics/GeneralPediatrics/56650